Copyright Law
United States copyright law does not allow copyrighting of an ingredients list, such as a list of drinks used in a cocktail. However, you may be able to copyright a recipe if it is in a tangible form and includes a “substantial literary expression," such as a description of the cocktail, an explanation of how to mix the ingredients in a particular way or an illustration of the completed cocktail. If the recipe is included in a book or other collection of recipes, then the contents of the entire book can be copyrighted.
Protecting a Drink Name
It is not possible to copyright protect a name, but some unique names can be protected by trademark. A trademark can prevent other bars or restaurants from using a drink name, and it can also require bars to make a tradmarked drink with certain ingredients. For example, Pusser's Rum has a trademark on the name Painkiller. This means that a bar or restaurant cannot legally sell a drink called Painkiller unless it is made with Pusser's Rum. In 2011, Pusser's sued a New York bar called Painkiller for trademark infringement. The bar eventually agreed to change its name.
Patent a Drink
According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), it is possible to apply for a utility patent for “any new and useful process, article of manufacture or composition of matter.” If you have invented a completely new drink, especially one that relies on a new mixology technique or unique ingredients, you might conceivably be able to get a patent on the drink. This will protect your drink form being made by anyone else, but the patent process can be lengthy and expensive and usually involves using a patent attorney.
Considerations
You should keep in mind that once copyrighted or patent protected, the ingredients in your cocktail will become public knowledge. If your cocktail recipe includes a secret ingredient or technique, you may not want this widely known. If you have published a cocktail recipe while working under contract at a bar or restaurant, or as a brand ambassador, the bar or brand may own the rights to any drink you created while on the job. For example, if the brand you work for publishes a recipe book of cocktails, it may own the copyright to the contents of the book. You will need to check your employment contract to determine if you retain the rights to the recipe.
